Pregnant women and their fetuses based in the northeast of England were involved in this study from 32 to 36 weeks’ gestation. Here, we report the first direct evidence of human fetal responsiveness to flavors transferred via maternal consumption of a single-dose capsule by measuring frame-by-frame fetal facial movements. The effects of such prenatal flavor exposure on chemosensory development have so far been measured only postnatally in human infants. The diet of pregnant women exposes fetuses to a variety of flavors consisting of compound sensations involving smell, taste, and chemesthesis. In addition, the possibility of identifying particular groups of subjects at risk and the careful monitoring of adherence to dietary therapy may represent the basis for this change. The use of metabolomics allows, through the recognition of early disease markers and food-specific metabolites, the planning of an individualized and precise diet. Furthermore, the taste experience and the family context are fundamental for future food choices and can no longer be underestimated. Weaning, therefore, has a crucial role that must be analyzed far beyond the simple achievement of nutritional needs. In this context, nutrition certainly plays a primary role, being one of the most important epigenetic modulators known to date. Therefore, the window of extreme plasticity that characterizes the first stage of development cannot be underestimated. This has pushed the world of research towards a new paradigm: preventive and predictive medicine. Among these, obesity is the most relevant in the pediatric field. The significant increase in chronic non-communicable diseases has changed the global epidemiological landscape.
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